Random fiber network materials are ubiquitous in biological and artificial materials and extensively utilized in filtration and absorption

thermal insulation and shock absorption

chemical catalysis

tissue engineering

flexible electronics and aerospace because of their low density

high porosity

large specific surface area

strong deformation ability

excellent specific performances and controllable structures. However

when compared to traditional homogeneous continuous materials

the intricate microstructure of random fiber networks poses significant challenges in studying their mechanical properties. This article provides an extensive review of the research progress made on random fiber networks from two focal points: microstructure characterization and evaluation of mechanical performance. It summarizes the key accomplishments and unresolved issues

encompassing experimental testing

establishment of constitutive relationships

and numerical simulations pertaining to these materials. Additionally

the contribution emphasizes the emerging trends in the research of mechanical performance for random fiber networks.