Defect Formation and Control Mechanism of Additive Manufactured Al-Based Alloys and Composites

LI Jianchao; LU Xiaonan; WANG Huan; GAO Xiang

doi:10.16080/j.issn1671-833x.2024.01/02.087

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Defect Formation and Control Mechanism of Additive Manufactured Al-Based Alloys and Composites

更新时间：2025-10-30

- Defect Formation and Control Mechanism of Additive Manufactured Al-Based Alloys and Composites
- Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology Vol. 67, Issue 1/2, (2024)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 浙江大学宁波科创中心,宁波,315100
  2. 浙江大学材料科学与工程学院,杭州,310027
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.16080/j.issn1671-833x.2024.01/02.087
  CLC：
- Published：2024
- 稿件说明：
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李建超，鲁晓楠，王欢，高翔. 高能束增材制造铝合金及其复合材料缺陷形成与控制机理[J]. 航空制造技术, 2024, 67(1/2): 87-96. LI Jianchao, LU Xiaonan, WANG Huan, GAO Xiang. Defect Formation and Control Mechanism of Additive Manufactured Al-Based Alloys and Composites[J]. Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology, 2024, 67(1/2): 87-96.

LI Jianchao, LU Xiaonan, WANG Huan, et al. Defect Formation and Control Mechanism of Additive Manufactured Al-Based Alloys and Composites[J]. Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology, 2024, 67(1/2).
李建超，鲁晓楠，王欢，高翔. 高能束增材制造铝合金及其复合材料缺陷形成与控制机理[J]. 航空制造技术, 2024, 67(1/2): 87-96. LI Jianchao, LU Xiaonan, WANG Huan, GAO Xiang. Defect Formation and Control Mechanism of Additive Manufactured Al-Based Alloys and Composites[J]. Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology, 2024, 67(1/2): 87-96. DOI： 10.16080/j.issn1671-833x.2024.01/02.087.

LI Jianchao, LU Xiaonan, WANG Huan, et al. Defect Formation and Control Mechanism of Additive Manufactured Al-Based Alloys and Composites[J]. Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology, 2024, 67(1/2). DOI： 10.16080/j.issn1671-833x.2024.01/02.087.

摘要

增材制造技术的快速发展为高性能铝合金及其复合材料的设计制备与应用带来了机遇。本文介绍了增材制造技术在铝合金及其复合材料中的应用现状与未来趋势，并分析了增材制造工艺参数对铝合金及其复合材料显微组织及力学性能的影响。在此基础上，以激光增材制造技术为主，综述了铝合金及其复合材料在增材制造过程中的缺陷形成机理与缺陷控制策略。其中，铝合金的宽半固态区间、高热导率、对激光的高反射率、激光增材制造本身特有的大升降温速率，以及高温度梯度等特性共同导致了打印复合材料组织粗大、孔洞、微裂纹缺陷的产生。通过引入纳米颗粒以提高形核率、稳定熔池或提高铝合金对激光的吸收率，可显著减少增材制造铝合金及其复合材料缺陷数量。未来，应对新型增材制造技术的缺陷形成与控制机理、增材制造专用铝合金粉体研发及增强体分布调控方法等开展相关研究。本文将为高性能铝合金及其复合材料的增材制造开发与应用提供参考。

Abstract

The rapid development of additive manufacturing technology (AM) has brought opportunities for the design

preparation

and application of high-performance aluminum alloys and Al matrix composites (AMCs). In this review

the application status and prospects of AM in Al-based alloys/composites were addressed. The effect of process parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties were analyzed in detail. On this basis

the formation mechanism and control strategy of defects in Al-based alloys/composites during the AM process were reviewed. It was found that the wide semi-solid range

high thermal conductivity

high laser reflectivity of Al

high heating/cooling rate

and the resultant great temperature gradient during AM jointly lead to the formation of defects

e.g.

coarse grains

pores

and micro cracks. By introducing nanoparticles to increase the nucleation rate

stabilize the molten pool

and increase the laser absorption rate

the density of defects can be significantly reduced. In the future

a deeper understanding of defect control mechanisms

composition regulation

and reinforcement distribution in AM technologies is needed

as well as the development of special Al powders for AM. This review provides a reference for the development and application of high-performance Al-based alloys/composites fabricated via AM.

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