As the service environments of aerospace equipment become increasingly complex and extreme

traditional epoxy resin coatings face technical bottlenecks such as microcrack propagation and deterioration of protective performance. Self-healing technology endows the epoxy resin coatings with damage-healing capability

thus can significantly reduce the risk of failure. This review summarizes the design principles and recent advancements in intrinsic and extrinsic self-healing epoxy resin coatings

analyzes the reversible repair bonding mechanisms of dynamic covalent and non-covalent bonds

and discusses the repair-enhancing principles of carrier-based extrinsic healing technologies such as microcapsules and organic framework structures. Furthermore

challenges including insufficient tolerance to strong radiation and high friction

inadequate repair energy supply

and limited damage-sensing capabilities in aerospace applications are addressed

along with prospects for future development.