Structural health monitoring (SHM) technology is poised to play a pivotal role in the design

service

and maintenance of aircraft

enhancing structural efficiency and ensuring the safety and reliability of aircraft structures. This article begins by outlining the fundamental concepts and applicability of SHM

emphasizing its significance in the aerospace industry. Subsequently

it delves into the research landscape of SHM technology in typical aircraft structures

focusing on advanced techniques such as impact monitoring

ultrasonic guided wave damage detection

and strain monitoring using fiber optic sensors. The review encompasses an overview of international and domestic research progress

technological capabilities

and typical applications. Lastly

it highlights the challenging issues facing structural health monitoring in aircraft structures and provides insights into its promising future applications in the aerospace field.