基于三维激光扫描的锪窝孔参数提取及误差分析

姜哲; 位浩杰; 刘洋; 邹莹; 何松泰; 石军仓; 陈晓龙

doi:10.16080/j.issn1671-833x.25020262

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基于三维激光扫描的锪窝孔参数提取及误差分析

研究论文 | 更新时间：2026-06-16

- 基于三维激光扫描的锪窝孔参数提取及误差分析
- 航空制造技术 2026年69卷第10期页码：137-146
- 作者机构：
  
  成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司，成都 610092
- 作者简介：
  
  位浩杰，工程师，博士。
- 基金信息：
  
  航空科学基金(20230003157001)
- DOI：10.16080/j.issn1671-833x.25020262
  中图分类号： V262.4
- 收稿：2025-08-20，
  
  修回：2025-10-20，
  
  录用：2025-11-26，
  
  纸质出版：2026-05-15
- 稿件说明：
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引文格式：姜哲，位浩杰，刘洋，等.基于三维激光扫描的锪窝孔参数提取及误差分析[J].航空制造技术，2026, 69（10）：25020262.

JIANG Zhe, WEI Haojie, LIU Yang, et al. Parameter extraction and error analysis of countersunk holes based on 3D laser scanning[J]. Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology, 2026, 69(10): 25020262.
引文格式：姜哲，位浩杰，刘洋，等.基于三维激光扫描的锪窝孔参数提取及误差分析[J].航空制造技术，2026, 69（10）：25020262. DOI： 10.16080/j.issn1671-833x.25020262.

JIANG Zhe, WEI Haojie, LIU Yang, et al. Parameter extraction and error analysis of countersunk holes based on 3D laser scanning[J]. Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology, 2026, 69(10): 25020262. DOI： 10.16080/j.issn1671-833x.25020262.

摘要

三维激光扫描能够实现航空产品外形数据的快速获取，对构建航空产品数字化测量系统具有重要意义。为进一步提升三维激光扫描系统对复杂几何特征的检测性能，以飞机表面锪窝孔的成型参数提取为研究对象，从设备扫描行为差异的角度对测量系统误差进行了分析。介绍了三维激光测量原理及其工艺流程，研究了扫描行为对三维激光测量精度的影响，并构建了基于最小二乘拟合的三维激光测量误差模型。运用点云重构技术对锪窝孔参数进行提取，同时基于机器人系统制定了不同扫描位姿的锪窝孔参数提取方案。设计了变扫描位姿的锪窝孔参数提取试验，以分析不同扫描行为对三维激光测量精度的影响。试验结果显示，测量系统误差与扫描位姿呈双线性变化，试验结果与构建的测量误差模型较吻合，根据得到的误差模型可为实际生产过程中的锪窝孔成型质量检测提供工艺参考，优化系统性能。

Abstract

Three-dimensional laser scanning enables the rapid acquisition of geometric data for aerospace products

holding significant importance for establishing digital measurement systems within the aerospace industry. To further enhance the inspection capability of 3D laser scanning systems for complex geometric features

this study focused on the extraction of forming parameters for aircraft surface countersunk holes. The measurement system error was analyzed from the perspective of variations in equipment scanning behavior. Initially

the principle of 3D laser measurement and its process workflow were introduced. Subsequently

the impact of scanning behavior on 3D laser measurement accuracy was investigated

and an error model based on least squares fitting was constructed. Then

point cloud reconstruction techniques were employed to extract countersunk hole parameters

while a strategy utilizing a robotic system was developed to extract parameters under varying scanning positions and orientations. Finally

an experimental study involving countersunk hole parameter extraction with variable scanning positions and orientations was designed to analyze the influence of different scanning behaviors on 3D laser measurement accuracy. The experimental results demonstrated that the measurement system error exhibits a bilinear variation with scanning position and orientation

showing good agreement with the established error model. The derived error model can guide the quality inspection of countersunk hole formation in actual production processes and provide a basis for optimizing system performance.

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